Team 1 - Things we learned from our Presentations

Sarah Hollis was the first to present in our team. We learned about the history of automated design. It was enlightening to learn about the world before Autocad and Revit existed. She walked us through the way Autocad broke into the world of draftsmen and eventually evolved into a comprehensive, 3D model. Before Autocad, she said that designers would try NOT to change designs because it would simply take too long for the draftsmen to propagate the changes throughout the drawing sets!

Dung Tran presented about his Revit model of the Glass House, where he modeled with immense detail each of the systems within his building. Dung explored some extensions of Revit such as the structural analysis that we had never seen before. He was also very thorough in modeling subsystems such as the plumbing!

Brad DiGiovanni and Cody Johnson gave a super interesting presentation on laser scanning and BIM. They gave an overview of the applications of 3D scanning and the benefit of generating a point cloud. It was crazy to see how 3D scanning can survey, in one day, a space that would have otherwise taken multiple weeks to survey. The point cloud is super accurate - and they were discussing the future potential of putting 3D scanners on drones.

Zac and myself presented on our interdisciplinary model that we constructed in Revit based on our AE 391 design. Building a Revit model as we progressed through the design phases helped to visualize how the various systems interacted in 3D, and definitely helped to identify conflicts as they arose.

Overall, all the groups walked away with a better understanding of modeling processes. We received the whole gamut of knowledge about modeling. We started with the origins of Autocad and Revit, saw two projects utilizing the interdisciplinary capabilities of Revit, and also learned the ways that 3D scanning can be integrated with BIM to incorporate detailed, field information.

B7 - DiGiovanni

I enjoyed this class because it covered a wide variety of future technologies related to buildings. A lot of classes that cover one topic per week feel rushed and leave you with the feeling that you didn't really learn much of anything. This class was somehow different where it feels like we learned a lot about a wide variety of topics. For example, while my INFO 210 class has covered a lot about database theory, what I learned from this class was comparable to about the first three weeks of that class.

Also being able to choose your own research topic was a way we could tailor our learning towards our career path. As someone with experience in construction and owner's representation, I was able to learn more about those fields. Laser scanning being transferred to BIM as well as using photogrammetry on drones was what I've seen in those fields.

This class also helped open my mind towards the future of design, the industry, and the future of society as a whole. Robots and AI are truly where we are headed in every aspect of society, and being able to embrace them and learn to use them to stay ahead of the curve is a valuable skill. I also think it is highly valuable to learn this from Prof. Mitchell as well. He's someone who started out his career before Computer Aided Design was even a term. Now, he is the most up to date and knowledgeable person I know on BIM, AI, and the future of buildings. Learning about this new technology from a young professor would have been OK, but would not have had anywhere near the same impact. Professor Mitchell's life experiences and how he has seen the industry change was very entertaining and always grabbed my attention. I also appreciated how the class wasn't focused on unrealistic technologies. In some of my earlier classes, we'd learn about future building technologies (mainly based in Green Design) that just seem so futuristic and unrealistic where you'd almost have to roll your eyes. This class was more practical and had facts and data that backed up the information presented.

Overall, this class covered a wide variety of topics that were tied together nicely and taught me a lot about the industry and technology that will be used in the near future. I am sure that in the years to come I will be seeing more and more of the stuff I read about in this class.

1) Allison,

I thought the same thing when I read your section on INFO 210. This class really focused on how it is relevant to us as engineers, rather than treating us as database designers. By treating us as database designers who had to design databases with multiple topics, we sort of lost sight of how databases can apply specifically to engineers, so I'm glad 410 brought us back down to earth.

2) Thomas,

From your first paragraph, I think that this class should be mandatory for all AEs. Possibly at different years depending on your concentration to keep class sizes small, but it's importance spreads beyond just the digital building students. As you said, automation is taking over all aspects of the industry, including structural and BIM, so it really can't hurt any concentration to take this class.

3) Joshua,

Your paper topic seems very interesting. It is one of the reasons I'm glad we get to see other peoples presentations tomorrow, because there are so many great topics people chose and I'm curious to see them all. As I mentioned in my post, we covered so much in this class but there is only so much time Prof. Mitchell has. Being able to see what other students decided to write about will help expand my knowledge base and interest level even more.

DiGiovanni - Use of Databases in Design (B5)

I found an interesting article that talks about the use of "big data" in architectural design firms, and how databases are changing the design industry for the better. 

One of the main ways that the use of databases are improving the industry is through the growing expectations of building owners. Owners are no longer just accepting the thumbs up on substantial completion and calling it a day. Now they want a collection of data with important building information, warranties, product data sheets, and preventative maintenance schedules. One popular database that owners are demanding from designers is called a COBie (Construction Operations Building Information Exchange). COBie is an international standard, it was designed by the Army Corps and becoming increasingly popular among owners, it is evenrequired for some UK Government projects.

Owners are also demanding building systems be more measurable, predictable, and controllable than ever before, and they are now implimenting performance contracts to hold designers accountable. While these contracts aren’t too common in the industry, they are not unheard of, especially in green design. One example of a performance contract is that if the designed building uses more than the specified BTU's per S.F., profits are withheld from the design firm. To be able to measure and track the performance of a constructed building, hundreds to thousands of sensors need to be employed throughout every building system. These sensors then need to be connected to a database that stores and organizes the information. LEED has also implemented a "Dynamic" plaque award for buildings that live up to their green design projections. This has apparently been around since at least 2014, but I have never heard of it. LEED Dynamic requires owners to submit building data at least once a year, for the LEED team to compare current data measurements to the projection. For the Green Building Council to gather all this data, a database must be used here as well. While the USGBC doesn't plan on publishing all the data it recieves from owners, it still needs to be a robust system to take information from buildings all around the world on regular intervals. 

Finally, design firms are using databases to collect and store data from previous projects. Having a vast quantity of information stored from previous projects can help optimize future designs. It could be invaluable to have an internal database that tells you information on past performances. For example, a designer could analyize their data to see what HVAC systems are the most efficient in what climate, or see if a system specified is really as efficient as it claims. 

There are countless ways that databases be used for designers, many of which are still in the infancy or just becoming popular in the industry.

See the article here:

http://www.architectmagazine.com/technology/how-big-data-is-transforming-architecture_o

And supplemental info:

http://www.architectmagazine.com/technology/performance-based-contracts-put-money-behind-the-promise-of-green-design_o

http://www.architectmagazine.com/practice/a-leed-dynamic-plaque-for-every-building-new-and-old_o

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBie

1) Malik,

Thank you for listing the types of databases that are popular in the industry. After reading your post, my question to you would be to list the pros and cons of some of the popular databases. What would be some of the reasons a design, owner, or construction firm would choose one database over the other? As we are entering the industry soon, it would be great to know what is popular and what is known to be a tricky and difficult database to work with.

2) Kerry,

Great breakdown of the database language and design system. I learned as much from your post as I did in the first few weeks of my INFO 210 class. All joking aside, learning the logic behind SQL and other databases is very interesting to me and beneficial because it helps us think as engineers. Even if database design isn't something we will be doing post graduation, being able to visualize how a system will look solely off of a word problem is a skill that is invaluable to us.

3) Lauren,

I'm glad you mentioned field access to databases and other important pieces of IT on construction sites. During my last co-op on a large construction site, I saw first hand this technology being implemented. Subcontractors from all trades were using surfaces and tablets to access data and plans, and it was really neat to see. These were mainly the field engineers though, as the tradesmen and women strongly preferred paper plans. 

B4 - 3D Modeling and Intelligent Buildings

My AE 410 project is to discuss how 3D modeling scanners and software can be used to assist the construction industry and even the in parts of the design industry that are "behind the times:". The point of this is to be able to increase the technological complexity of new and existing buildings alike. By doing this, a wider range of buildings will be able to become smarter and environmentally friendly.

Starting with the construction industry, many aspects of that industry are considered old school or outdated. Many tradesmen and women have been doing the same job for 20+ years, and introducing new technology infringes on what they've come to know and perfect. Criticism of this old school mindset has been pretty well documented, and my group believes that there is plenty of room to improve. However, some of this criticism is unfair in my opinion. For example, an iron worker doesn't need a fancy 3D model to set steel. From my experience, all that the crew needed was a few sheets of paper and a competent foreman. Why mess around with a tablet and fancy 3D graphics when a line on a sheet will accomplish the same task. This is one of the reasons my group decided to focus heavily on 3D scanning. We believe that scanning can be used in conjunction with current construction practices, instead of totally replacing them, to improve the industry overall. For example, 3D scanners can used to scan the MEP system in a new building. This as-built data can be compared to the design model for review and comparison. This gives the owner a complete model of the building that has just been turned over to them, so any design work done on the building going forward has an exact representation of what is currently above the ceiling. These 3D scans, done after installation is already complete, do not change how construction workers do their basic tasks. Instead, it provides valuable construction information to the owner. I believe that a building with an abundant of as-built 3D model data can be considered an intelligent one due to the huge long term advantage it provides, as mentioned above. My group also plans on discussing how 3D scanners can be used in the pre-construction process to speed up the design process. Surveyors are slow and not always precise, so using a portable scanner to get an accurate measurement of a site is valuable.

Citation:

Link, Jeff. “Drones in Construction Are the Next Big Technological Boom.” Redshift, 30 Oct. 2017, www.autodesk.com/redshift/drones-in-construction/.

1) Carlos, I like how you will talk about the technology development levels for different countries. It will be interesting to see what challenges some countries face, while other countries are able to avoid the same problems. As someone who was born in America and have only been immersed in our construction industry, it may be eye opening to me seeing some of the things we take for granted, being a novelty elsewhere. I hope you don't stay too vague in your report, as you mentioned above, just so there is enough substance and information for each country.

2) Kerry,

I have never heard of the movie "Smart House", but it sounds interesting! I hope your report talks about the life cycle analysis and "initial costs" of green appliances. For example, if every person goes and throws out their old dishwasher to buy a new green one, the overall environmental savings might not outweigh the wasted embodied energy of the thrown out dishwasher. I've heard this argument been made somewhere before, but for cars. Where people who get rid of their perfectly serviceable cars to get green ones actually do more harm to the environment than help. I can't find the article that said this, but it would be interesting if you investigated it.

3) Mark,

Thank you for sharing your project and 3D model. It seems very detailed and I look forward to seeing how the project progresses. I hope you document the MEP design process well because it would be cool to see how you laid out the system. I've done design processes for civil work and for structural projects, but never for MEP. Even though I've done some in class layout work, seeing how a system comes together starting from scratch really interests me.

DiGiovanni - B3 - Current BIM Advantages

Current Advantages of BIM

BIM programs, such as Revit, have a lot of positives aspects in today's world, and the pros it has follow it from early on in the design process all the way to post-construction assistance. 

One of the earliest ways BIM can assist the design process is for estimation purposes. Even before the bid is awarded by the owner, the architect and/or contractor (depending on the contract language) can start to assemble a design that resembles the owner's preliminary needs. From this model, the bidders can take off preliminary quantities, massings, costs, and analyze construction concerns. Besides providing the bidder with accurate numbers, this process shows the owner that the bidder is serious about winning the project because they put so much effort into laying out the site in extreme detail.

Moving on through the design process, BIM models can help the architect and contractor figure out where MEP and structural systems will clash before they clash in the field. On one of my co-ops, I sat in meetings where all of the different designers looked over one floor at a time in a BIM model. The designers would look at all the clashes and figure out what system needed to be moved. Sometimes the fire sprinklers would be moved, other times the air ducts would be moved, and even sometimes (but rarely) the steel structure would be moved. This process was eye opening because the design was only about 10 floors above the construction. For example, while the basement was being built, floor 10 was being finalized for the contractor, and so on. Running clash detection simulations like this are a great way to save money, because finding the issues during design are much cheaper than coming up with a fix afterwards. (This study talks about the benefits of group collaboration during clash detection meetings).

Akponeware, A.O.; Adamu, Z.A. Clash Detection or Clash Avoidance? An Investigation into Coordination Problems in 3D BIM. Buildings 2017, 7, 75. 

Finally, BIM and Revit can help building owners long after construction is complete. A building owner knows that construction costs don't stop once a building is built. Upkeep and renovations become a new big cost for the owner. These can range from cheaper individual room renovations, to major reno jobs that cost a significant portion of the original construction costs. Having an extensive BIM model done can help save the owner money later on. It can do this in a similar manner as mentioned above. It'll prevent clashes, conflicts, and can shorten design and construction time, as well as reduce the number of design errors made. 

“Bentley - Sichuan Provincial Architecture and Design Research Institute Case Study.”Bentley.com, 2016, www.bentley.com/~/asset/14/12378.ashx.

1) 
Sarah, you raise some good points and I also agreed with "The Future of BIM will not be BIM". To me, it seems like we are at some odd point in time where we have the technology to 3D scan every square inch of a building if we wanted too, but a lot of times the benefits don't outweigh the costs and effort to do so. And I'm not quite sure what the issue is that is holding BIM back. Is it the fact that construction is so far behind in regards to the technology used, where the best 3D model in the world couldn't beat a sheet of paper that tells an iron worker what beam to drop where? Is it fact that AI assisted design hasn't fully taken off yet? What is the missing stepping stone that will propel BIM to the next level?

2)
Kerry,
Relying too much on a computer to do the work for you is something that scares me as well, especially for the structural aspect of design. In the 1970s, some design firms were using computers to help design structures, specifically statically indeterminate ones that would be almost impossible to solve by hand. That is exactly what the designers of the Hartford Civic Center did for its innovative roof design. They pretty much chucked the space frame design into a computer, it spit out an "OK", and they built it. It turns out there were many issues and incorrect assumptions with the design that the computer couldn't have caught or wasn't designed to catch. The structure eventually failed under a large snow load.
https://failures.wikispaces.com/Hartford+Civic+Center+(Johnson)

I hope that in the future that the designers can stay experts at their crafts, even with the assistance of computers.

This 99% Invincible episode talks about the same fears, but regarding flight and the Airline Industry.
https://99percentinvisible.org/episode/children-of-the-magenta-automation-paradox-pt-1/

3)
Chris,
Your post has some good points, I just have some questions about IPD. In a lot of my classes, IPD is touted as the next big thing. You even mention that Revit enhances IPD greatly through collaboration and design factors. However, I just want to know why is Revit so popular but IPD is not? IPD is talked about all the time in class, but even large companies have little experience putting it into practice. What is that missing link and how can BIM improve the relationship?

DiGiovanni - Blog Post 2

Some of what Chapter 5 discusses is the positives of 3D modeling over CAD and the practicality of 3D modeling not only in design but also construction.

The text highlights ways that BIM can make the design process more cost and labor efficient for all parties involved. Having a detailed model early on in the project, in addition with some modern contract agreements such as Integrated Project Delievery (IPD) or Design-Build can really benefit the project. The traditional method, or design-bid-build, has the parties in "silos" which promotes a sort of "everyone for themselves" mentality. Instead of doing this, which requires a set of Schematic Design (SD), Design Development (DD) and Construction Documents (CD); a large team can sit together with a 3D building model and hash out any issues early. This is a lot better than doing it after the construction crews are mobilized, saving time and money. While SDs, DDs, and CDs may still need to be issued in an IPD or design-build, if all the major issues are ironed out beforehand then the issuance is almost just a formality (but not fully!)

This chapter also highlights the time saving aspects that a forward thinking approach can have in regards to design. It provides an example where Skidmore Owings & Merril (SOM) partnered with a technology company to design parameters for an ideal building core. This problem was able to be solved because of two major factors: 1) Core design is heavily dependent on code variables and design knowledge 2) Core design can be highly repetitive once an optimal core is found that fits all the variables. Using these two key pieces of information, SOM was able to put together a parameter matrix to calculate the perfect "golden core", or the most optimal code compliant core possible. Some of the data it would return include: number of elevators, number of fixtures, and egress information. Another time saving feature the chapter discussed was being able to use master libraries of actual products to put into the building. If a designer wanted to test out two different ceiling 2x4 LEDs, they could upload the actual product using the vendor's specifications to see which model would work better. Having access to a library of thousands of already created pieces of a building such as doors, windows, and fixtures saves time and effort, while also allowing the designer to be quicker and more responsive to the owner's needs.

Overall, this chapter contained a lot of information not covered here. I felt these two main paragraphs strongly applied to me because as someone who is starting a full time job soon, saving time and money is very important in the industry. While class projects can teach you the importance of deadlines, it is good to be reminded about how companies are saving money so I can figure out how to help.

e-book MLA Citation: Eastman, Charles M. BIM Handbook : A Guide to Building Information Modeling for Owners, Managers, Designers, Engineers and Contractors. vol. 2nd ed, Wiley, 2011. EBSCOhost, ezproxy2.library.drexel.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=364239&site=ehost-live.


Responses:

1) Kerry,


Your blog post made me interested in finding out some of the other limitations of BIM. A lot of people see BIM as a fix all or catch all design tool. This could be a negative thing if designers see a 3D modeling program as the only solution. As Abraham Maslow said, "If all you have is a hammer, everything looks like a nail". As diverse and unconstrained as BIM softwares can be, it is never a good thing just to give up CAD software or hand designed models, because who knows when those tools may be needed.
Information on the quote: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_the_instrument#History


2) Jordan,

Your comment about pre-fabrication had me questioning the book a little. Because while pre-fabrication does reduce on site labor costs, it increases up front costs required to fabricate parts of the building. I wonder if that chapter had any cost breakdown comparisons. Even besides costs, pre-fabrication does have other cons such as reduced flexibility in the field. If a design or site issue arises, a pre-built structure may have trouble being adapted to fit a different purpose. Overall, I think pre-fabricating certain parts of the building off site is smart and should be implemented more widely, I was just curious if the book talked about some of the negative aspects involving it

3) Dee Dee,

I had a similar experience on my second co-op. I used to sit in big meetings with all the designers: Mechanical, structural engineer, fire protection (different company than the mechanicals), and even the electricians. This group would meet and all have the BIM model up, then as the meeting went on and issues were brought up, solutions were sought. Sometimes the mechanical engineer would ask the electrician for their input regarding practicality of a design. Or the structural steel would clash with the ducts. In my personal experience, I learned that the steel is rarely moved in a "clash", and that the fire protection pipes or heads in a clash always lose (easiest to re-route). It probably is easiest to re-route the sprinkler pipes because the BIM today can perform most of the calculations and code checks instantly, where a structural change, no matter how small, can greatly impact the building.

DiGiovanni - Term Project Idea

One idea I had for a term project would be to research the use of 3D laser scanning for different purposes in the industry, such as updating BIM Models and to design future buildings. On my part time job, we have currently contracted a team to scan areas of our facility, this is to help update the area model and also to plan future construction.

Construction Sequence & AI

Robots can be used in construction for a variety of tasks. Mainly doing jobs that are either repetitive or dangerous for humans to perform. That way, construction companies are saving labor costs but also keeping people out of harms way and reducing liability. (Apologies for missing class)

DiGiovanni - Intelligent Building Definition

An intelligent building is a building that can combine innovations in technology and design, with a skillful building management operation to optimize the combinations and return on investment.  

Modified from Pennell 2013, from this article
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00038628.2015.1079164

DiGiovanni - B1

B1
1/12/18
Group D

Sensors & HVAC
This article discusses one of the smartest and most sustainable buildings in the world. It was designed by Ron Bakker for Amsterdam's new Deloitte headquarters. The office has a number of intelligent features that makes it sustainable. A simple but effective feature was having a reduced number of desks. Deloitte realized that only a quarter of the 3,000 office workers were ever at their desk at a time, so why should there be that many desks? They developed an app to allow people to reserve desks when needed, and in specific areas already being conditioned by the HVAC systems. By limiting the number of desks and spaces that need to be conditioned, they were able to save a lot on energy costs. The building also has around 30,000 sensors spaced out every two feet. Having that many sensors all connected to one intelligent computer system, decisions based on temperature and lighting can be programmed in to minimize energy usage.
See here for more information: http://www.wired.co.uk/article/this-is-the-worlds-smartest-building

AI, Databases, & Future
I also found this article that talks about combining AI across all platforms, and making them connected to more aspects of our lives such as personal banking. It highlights the benefits of an personal assistant AI that is connected across all platforms. An AI like this could be designed and placed all over your house such as in counter-tops, fridges, etc. Not just in a company specific housing device such as the Amazon Echo. Also, allowing AI access to large databases that contain your personal banking and other accounts does pose some security and privacy risks, but it also makes banking more convenient. Using your voice to bank or to invest could simplify money transferring, but it also could be misused by someone with bad intentions. These are some of the things humanity will need to deal with in near future, as we figure out our comfortably level with AIs and their access to our data.
See here for the rest of the article: https://www.americanbanker.com/news/one-virtual-assistant-to-rule-them-all-bankers-already-getting-prepped

COMMENTS:

1) Josh,

I liked the articles you posted. The NY Times usually does a great job of explaining the issue at hand while also providing some interesting backstory. However, the author of the first article you posted seems like they did not dive into the issue too much, only highlighting positives of present day automation. I really don't think that the author considered how many jobs automation will actually replace. Automation that comes slowly and that is foreseen can be managed; such as the miners' jobs in the article. As different mining machines were slowly automated, the mine could retrain and find new jobs for the miners. That is no different than in the United States, which the author doesn't really highlight. However, automation in large masses is what Sweden and every other country should be worried about. For example, even the Swedish government organizations that helps find jobs for people will suddenly be overwhelmed when hundreds of thousands of truckers are replaced by an AI. No amount of government support can find that many jobs at once. The author even mentions some of this at the end, but fails to  delve into it, probably because doing so would hurt the position of the article.

2) Kerry,

The article discussing the use of an AI to design a skyscraper was very good read. Being able to plug in design criteria into a computer and have it spit out results that humans then can sift through for usable designs is very fascinating. Although a computer may not know if the results it returns are applicable in any way, since we can refine the criteria that we want, the computer can become more and more helpful to designers. It makes me curious as to what the future holds for designers and engineers alike.

3) Dee Dee,

Your post on the Paleontology AI was really cool. It's neat to see how AI and Machine Learning programs are being used in more obscure or unorthodox ways. The field of paleontology to me seemed very human dependent, but you are right when you say computers may be taking over those jobs as well. This post reminds me of a scene in Jurassic Park where they are using a new ground radar computer system. The technician says to the paleontologists: "a few more years of development and we won't even have to dig anymore", as a joke regarding the technology they are now using. https://youtu.be/ITZLefqqR8g?t=63

Bradley DiGiovanni - First Post

My name is Bradley DiGiovanni, I am a senior Architectural Engineering major with a concentration in Digital Building and a minor in Construction Management. I've done one co-op in design, one co-op in project management, and one co-op in field engineering. My experience with intelligent buildings has mainly been in class; either in my studio classes or learning about sustainable buildings of the future. I have experience in class with Revit and AutoCAD, but my as my working experience is field based, my current skills are mainly in SketchUp and Excel.

My expectation for this class includes learning about where the building industry is headed. I'd like to learn about both the design and construction sides of the industry if possible, because only covering one side would be leaving out a lot of information. Designing something unique and intelligent on paper is great, but being able to construct it and make it work properly is just as impressive. I also would like to see where sustainability for buildings is headed.  To me, many aspects of the current sustainable industry appear to be a gimmick or something just to appease stakeholders, such as certain building certification organizations.

One Evernote article I found interesting was using patterns and models that bones heal with to develop stronger structures, specifically in airplanes. Our bones have been regenerating after being broken for hundreds of thousands of years, becoming more efficient over time. Being able to harness that power could provide some interesting solutions for building design.
https://www.wired.com/2015/12/airbuss-newest-design-is-based-on-slime-mold-and-bones/

I would define an intelligent building as a structure that has features and functions that many current buildings do not possess. The definition of "intelligent" to me, is definitely a relative one. Once other buildings catch on and implement these intelligent features, the original building isn't seen as intelligent anymore. For example, when the elevator was first invented, a building that decided to install them could be seen as intelligent compared to a building with only stairs. Now, tall buildings are required to have them and it no longer is a definition of an intelligent building

Last Names for Tags

Below are the names of the student in Intelligent Building in AY2017-18.  This post is used to create the last names as labels/tags to be used when you enter a post.  It's initially alphabetic, but students added after 1/7/2018 may be at the end.

Amisial, Mariano Anibaba, Abd'Lmalik Oladepo

Arnold, Zachery Todd

Bihun, Oksana T

Chen, Lu

daCostaXimenes, Marino Hero Sutejo H S Dahroug, Shaden

Deutsch, Alyssia M

DiGiovanni, Bradley S

Gibson, Christopher A

Hillinger, Carlos Luis

Hollis, Sarah

Huxley, Jake

Johnson, Cody James

Kujawa, Lauren E

Lovett, Joshua M

Maita, Andrew

Milligan, Kerry M

Mutso, Maria-Irena

Odorizzi, Mark R

Oo, Nay Ye Quelly, Peter Isaac

Shuster, Jordan W Sisson, Thomas

Strohl, Diedre H

Thach, Christopher Tangari, Luciana

Tran, Bach Tran, Dung

Tufano, Sarina Angel Wahbeh, Jacob Tareq

Wicker, Tyler C

Xiao, Jianfeng

Zhang, Shuyuan