Team 3 - Group Project Reflection

As a group, we learned that people bring different ideas to the table; these ideas can be influenced culture, geography, and other outside factors.  We also learned the importance of stating your definition and expanding on the idea you are speaking about.  As a group, we all had different definitions of intelligent and green buildings, and your definition may take your project or paper in a different direction than someone else's.  Technology can be defined differently depending on the time period.  Technology is constantly evolving and influencing the design, construction, and operational phases of a building's life cycle. 

Week 10 - Course Reflection - Nay Ye Oo

AE 510: Course Reflection

I came into this course with no knowledge about what the term Intelligent Building means at all. And I expected to learn more about what makes a building intelligent and how technology is applied in the field of civil, architectural and environmental engineering. As a BSMS student, I talked to some seniors about to complete the program and they recommended me to take this course because there were some principles and projects that would help out in future classes. Now that I have taken this course, I do see the value in the projects assigned in this class and how useful it is - database project.

I always liked excel and would use it as much as possible in any type of project during my Drexel life as a student and being exposed to Microsoft Access was an eye opener. I might not have been able to complete achieve a full understanding of the program's capability but now I can pick it up whenever I have the time to explore its full functionality better and be able to apply it in my future career.

My favorite parts of this class would be the lecturing videos that feature any type of innovative technology or application of it in the construction industry and the guest lecturers that Professor Mitchell brings to class. I always categorized the CAEE engineering as the most archaic type of engineering, at least when comparing to similar engineering branches such as computer, electrical and mechanical. Personally, the videos shown in class are a bit stretched out in the sense that using AI in construction is plausible but not efficient enough in terms of cost. But give or take a couple decades and we might just be seeing an actual impact of technological advances in construction. The more palpable improvement we can see is in the design phase. Software such as AutoCAD, Revit, Naviswork, Rhino, Grasshopper and more have all definitely made our lives as civil and architectural engineers easier and more efficient.

So to conclude, I am glad I took this class as my grad elective as it is an eye-opener for me to remind me that the engineering path I chose still has a lot of more room for development. It is just a matter of time and resources.


Comments

Johnson
Good point on talking about the applicability of this class in our future profession. I definitely got exposed to naviswork and software that are 'next-level' to that of Revit. And since I am planning to pursue a career in design, I think it is very helpful to have taken this class. For your final project, 3D laser scanning sounds like an interesting piece of niche knowledge to pick up on so I am glad this course was also helpful to you too.

Odorizzi
It seems that we picked up interesting and beneficial nuggets of information from this class. Databases was completely new to me so it was great to have another tool to add to our belts of engineering knowledge. Unfortunately, I did not have as much prior Revit experience to expand on that front. So kudos to being able to take the extra mile with the Revit project and even making your Final project about it. Hopefully I get to watch you present on Thursday.

Tufano
It is nice to be able to meet with fellow BSMS students in our undergraduate classes because it gives us a chance to work with 'like-minded' people. Also majority of the class is based on class discussions, online discussions and group work where everyone gets a chance to collaborate and discuss. I think this sense of non-traditional way of teaching really shines out compared to the more traditional approach of lecturing and listening because I get to work with a group of people who have such different ideas and opinions that the learning experience is exciting and informative.

Group A Week 9 Story Post - Teaching Hospital

Group A:

Mark Odorizzi, Sarina Tufano, Dung Tran, Nay Ye Oo (Sonny), Alyssia Deutsch, Kerry Milligan

The Prologue:

Discussion of the current hospital situation - and the shortcomings that will be solved by an intelligent building

This story begins at a run down teaching hospital named “The Rickety”. Every doctor, nurse, intern, patient and visitor have been slightly creeped out by the small corridors, the uneven temperature distribution and the lack of new technologies. The lights were always flickering, making anyone in their presence feel uncomfortable. Those systems that did work, made erie noises and thumped randomly at any given time, but highly prefered to do so in the dead of night. Since this building was constructed before codes had been renewed, not many rooms had significant means of egress or sufficient natural lighting which only added to the sinister aura the building gave off.

In an effort to correct all of the dilemmas faced by this building and its occupants, a team of an architect, engineers, project managers, maintenance crews and hospital personnel got together and made a list of all their individual needs:

“WE NEED MORE ROOM!” - Dr. Milligan shouted

“WE NEED SENSORS TO REGULATE THE AIR QUALITY” - Mech. Engineer

“WE NEED A DATABASE TO KEEP OUR RECORDS” - Medical Students

“WE NEED UTILITIES THAT DON’T BREAK EVERY DAY” - Maintenance Head

“WE NEED QUIETER HVAC!” - Surgeons

“WE NEED FASTER WIFI” - EVERYONE

“WE NEED MORE MOTION SENSORS” - Dr. Milligan requested

“WE NEED MORE VIDEO SURVEILLANCE” - Project Manager   

“WE NEED MORE EASE OF ACCESS” - Architect

“WE NEED MORE LIGHT!” - Owners

“WE NEED CHEAPER BILLS!” - Maintenance Head

The hospital employee stakeholders in this story are Dr Milligan (because he was living through the issues and has the most knowledge about what a better space would look like), the project manager (in order to handle all of the differing inputs from the stakeholders, Sarina is needed to represent the hospital as a whole and keep the project on track), and the maintenance officials (Dung is the one who deals with the hospital facilities on a daily basis, and has input on how to best design the new space with maintenance considerations in mind and deals with the creepy doctor who complains about everything).

The non-hospital employee stakeholders in this story include the engineers (Structural: Mark wants to make sure the hospital is structurally sound to handle the heavy equipment and unpredictable live loads), the code compliance consultants (Hospitals have intricate codes applied to them, so Sonny is here to make sure we stick to those codes and provide a safe and acceptable working environment) and the construction management team (Foreman Rizzi needs to make sure the construction does not interfere with existing hospital operations, while still being efficient and on time and budget).

The Fix:

Discussion of the steps taken towards developing an intelligent building and how the new technologies will benefit the occupants/stakeholders.

Many new technologies will be implemented in this hospital so that it can provide a better work and teaching environment. These include code analysis for design and renovation, many types of sensors for occupancy evaluations, a structural/MEP BIM model for programming and design processes, a building program database for better record keeping easier programming and occupational evaluations, as well as robotics for construction methods and acoustic analysis for renovational aids.

To better be able to ventilate and heat/cool the hospital, a new high efficiency HVAC system will be installed. Since many patients and doctors are easily lost track of within the hospital, motion sensors and camera equipment will be installed. Along with that, databases will assist in record keeping methods that are highly effective and user friendly. Additionally, rooms will be made slightly more spacious and more windows will be incorporated with additions being rendered through BIM and all of its associating counterparts within the new model’s operation and functions. This will cause the hospital to become much more efficient in its teaching methods, which will gain it more patients and result in more money which can pay for the best hospital equipment and doctors to keep teaching new interns. Overall, the stakeholders will get large payoffs over the years following this renovation, the patients will become much more comfortable, and the hospital employees will be provided with a much better environment in which to work on a daily basis. In the end, this hospital will also have a much more pleasant facade and no longer be considered the creepy hospital it was once known for.   

Week 6: Blog Post 5 - Relational Database Theory

Relational Database Theory


Definition

A relational database (RDB) is defined as a collection of multiple data sets stored and organized as items in a set of formally described tables (rows & columns). This data can be accessed or reassembled in any customizable way at a later point in time. This neat piece of creation was invented by Edgar F. Codd at IBM 1970 [1]. RDB runs on Structured Query Language (SQL), an application that provides a user-friendly programming interface for database interaction. [2] 


Types of RDBs
In an RDB, data is stored in a tabular format with rows and columns. A row represents a data instance and a column represents a column. One or more data that is stored relates to one or more data records to form functional dependencies. There are four types of dependencies:

• One to One: One table record relates to another record in another table.

• One to Many: One table record relates to many records in another table.

• Many to One: More than one table record relates to another table record.

• Many to Many: More than one table record relates to more than one record in another table. [2]

Function

The main capabilities of an RDB is its ability to communicate and relate one data instance stored in any row, any column, any table and any data set to another data instance in a likewise manner. The basic database operations are select, project and join. "Select" retrieves data, "project" identifies data characteristics and "join" combines relations of data instances.[2]

Other advantages include scalability and data security. It is basically a useful tool similar to Microsoft Excel, except instead of having computational power, it only stores data but can be store an enormous amount of data/information. Data security capabilities provide certain users access to all datasets while giving the option of preventing some users to access only certain databases. 

[1] http://searchsqlserver.techtarget.com/definition/relational-database

[2] https://www.techopedia.com/definition/1234/relational-database-rdb


Comments:

Mark:

I read your article as a way to compare the content we found since we have the same topic. Essentially, we cover the same content such as keywords in the definition of a database, the importance of relations. Great job on including the figures as it highlights and exemplifies the difference between tables with relations and one without.

Tyler:

My blog post covered the topic of Relational Database Theory which is basically the body of data storing. But while reading I saw that SQL is the main "language" used when talking to these databases we created. And your article reinforced my initially understanding of what SQL does. The highlight of your article to me is that SQL is still used as the main language used to talk to databases which I would assume technology nowadays would have probably have replaced it. But I like your idea (more so a statement) that SQL is and should co-evolve with databases and its various types. Not just simple inventory tables but complex large scale data such as AutoCAD and Revit related data per family created.


Chris:

I agree that time is money and money is time in the world of construction. this DSM sounds like a pretty neat piece of technology that could potentially revolutionize future construction work. Hours vs Months is quite a feat to achieve but what I would be worried is the socio and economical problems that will arise when "machines start stealing human's jobs".

Week 5 - Final Project Term Paper Abstract - Definition of Intelligent Building

Blog Post - Week 5: Describe your project - (e.g. why chosen)

My topic for the final term is 'Definition of Intelligent Buildings' My initial idea for choosing this topic was inspired by Professor Mitchell's lecture on how the term Intelligent Building is still a vague concept. Below is an excerpt of what I initially wrote before writing my outline.

"After hearing your definition of IB and writing that discussion post, I finally understood that this is a relatively new term whose definition is still not cemented. The objective is to explore and analyze what is an intelligent building, from the perspectives of different people (definition varies with background knowledge, geography and technology) Classify the common components from the various sources and ideally, come up with the best definition of an IB that would hopefully be a standard definition."

After giving some thought into this topic, I am glad that there hasn't been anyone who chose a topic similar to mine. My only worry was not having enough sources to write a whole paper on this topic. However, I found a few websites and sources that addresses my topic and defines their own opinion/idea of Intelligent Buildings. Moreover, I can resort to learning from what my fellow classmates think based on their interpretation of the term after hearing Professor Mitchell's definition. I am hoping that the different background of each students major will give a diverse interpretation of the term and hopefully, I will be able to read all the different responses and filter out the common or recurring themes/features/components.

My next task is to analyze all these answers and compile a concise and accurate definition of the term Intelligent Building and hope for that best that everyone can agree on. Since I am working on this project alone, if there is any idea or topic that would help my paper be more comprehensive, I would appreciate any type of tips or suggestions in the comment section. Thank you.

Comments:

Luci,

 "an intelligent building focuses more on creating an environment that is comfortable and equipped with technologies that simplify redundant tasks as well as improving operation of facilities by providing feedback on systems"


I read your article in the hopes to learn what and how you define intelligent buildings out of curiosity. It seems that the main takeaway from your definition is the ability of a building to provide optimal levels of comfort. I would deduce that as an AE background, comfort is what matters most but this is just an assumption on my part. As for the rest of the post, I think you did a great job defining and contrasting your initial idea of green and intelligent buildings.

Carlos,

I love your topic. More so because I believe that it is very applicable. Coming from a basically a developing country, I can definitely see how this is applicable and important. I do worry that there is too much information to cover within the scope of your topic. So I would like to suggest narrowing to one or two topics just like you did with the case study examples and elaborate on it. Great job!

Malik,

I love your attitude on being open-minded to this topic. To be honest, I am trying to grasp if you defined intelligent buildings to help gather data about my project topic. But I love your idea of mashing both an intelligent and green buildings into one. Because why not? But yes, that is going to become a whole different topic from intelligent vs green and more of defining what an intelligent building is, a green building is and combining the fundamentals of both building components that make it what it is, into a wholesome entity.

Nay Ye Oo - What are the possible future problems with Revit/BIM?

What are the possible future problems with Revit/BIM?

With any type of new change (in the field of technology), there will be positive and negative attributes. This post will be focusing on the potential problems that will arise with Revit/BIM. Listed below are the core reasons that was discussed in class.

Forgetting the Roots

As we know, the origin of drafting began with basic pencil and paper which evolved to computer drafting with AutoCAD. AutoCAD essentially does the pencil and paper but in a more efficient manner. However, once Revit/BIM was introduced into our industry, a lot of walls are being shattered because it is basically a game changer. As newer and newer technology tries to improve our tools, we too evolve with it and at one point, we start to forget our roots. This generation of people will not know how to draft using pencil-and-paper. Instead our first drafting lesson will most likely be in AutoCAD. Based on this trend the same analogy can be applied. Soon the next generation will forget the fundamentals of drafting and start with Revit/BIM.

The issue with this is that, we tend to lose some level of knowledge as we transition from one method to the next. And soon, as software become easier and easier to learn and use (interface-wise), we will lose some knowledge that can only be understood using older techniques/methods which would be obsolete by then.

Old cannot keep up with New

Another issue is the inability for old recorded databases and archives to be updated to new software. As we slowly transition from an AutoCAD driven industry to Revit/BIM, we face the issues of conversion. New software cannot read/interact with old files and it is cost ineffective to update/convert all previously recorded data and files.

Engineers no longer needed

Another threat to us engineers is the amount of pre-requisites/knowledge needed to draft or create a model. This definitely sounds stupid and impossible right now but in the future (perhaps 20+ years from now), we might have created better programs with easier learning curves that will no longer require technical knowledge. This bodes bad to us engineers, as the job market might be more open with more competition. (Potentially less pay)

Comments:

Dung,


I like how you pointed out if hardware could keep up with software advances. Just like Moor's law, technology is exponentially increasing but can we physically keep up and utilize this new upgrade? However, I am not convinced enough that Revit/BIM will be capable of design decisions unless AI has advanced to that level of sophistication. But who knows? AI is already breaking grounds every other month nowadays so it could be possible in the near future.

Zac,

Great job on giving your analysis of the differences between AutoCAD and Revit. I agree with your explanation to how CAD is comparable to pen-and-paper while Revit is so much more. I also agree with the fact that Revit's real-time design process makes it very efficient for all different fields to interact and facilitate any issues during the design phase. However, since Revit is relatively new in the industry, I can't brush of the fact that not every company uses, let alone, is familiar with, Revit. This might create chaos during the design phase with real-time feature. For example, if one discipline dictates a design and the rest bases off of it, this first discipline has to make sure their design is the final one without changes. Because as the first one designs, the rest follows and any changes to the first design will affect the rest like a domino effect. Such a case would favor the disciplines to complete their design first and pass on their file rather than working simultaneously.

Nay Ye Oo - Chapter 2: BIM Design Tools and Parametric Modeling

CHAPTER 2: BIM DESIGN TOOLS AND PARAMETRIC MODELING

This chapter basically talks about the origins of 3D Tools and Modeling and its evolution (specifically BIM and parametric), technical methods of how Parametric Modeling works and a few example softwares that dominate the 3D Modeling field. I will be focusing on its origin and evolution.

Early 3D Modeling

In early 3D designing/drafting, there were two prominent methods of solid drawing – Boundary Representation (B-rep) approach and Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG). B-rep uses shapes as bounded surfaces to form solids and featured Boolean operations to modify drawn solids. CSG represents a shape as a set of functions and uses a similar method but without the need to create bounded surfaces. To simplify, the main difference is that CSG uses algebraic formula to define a shape while B-rep stores the result of defining operations and objects. Therefore, CSG solids can be easily edited while B-rep is more suitable for direct interaction. The next step of evolution was from CAD to parametric modeling. This allowed the drawing to adjust accordingly when an edit is made. What this means is that, after the user initially designs/draws an object, any new changes made to the object such as reducing a length or removing a portion of the drawn solid, the parametric model will be able to automatically generate a new solid without the user having to make the necessary adjustments to the initial edit.

Parametric Design/Modeling

Typically, there are 3 degrees of parametric modeling: simple, minor & major improvement. Simple just requires defining shapes or assemblies with parameters. Minor improvement adds more detail to the defining stage so as the drawn solid would automatically update when the predefined shape’s parameters are changed. Finally, a major improvement adds a greater level of detail that lets a drawn solid interact/communicate with another drawn solid’s parameters. The common uses of parametric modeling discussed are for buildings and construction.

There are two types of objects drawn - pre-defined base that has various object “families” typically used in BIM Architectural Design Applications and built-in features to draw. An example drawing of a precast fabrication-level architectural façade can be seen below.

 Figure 1. Precast Fabrication-level Architectural Facade

User-Defined Parametric Object Anomalies

There will always be a case where a very customized drawing is desired. Such a situation is outside of the not just the pre-defined objects but also outside of the capability to be drawn using the provided tools. When such as case occurs the primary method of solving it is to draw it in another system and importing it. An alternative is to use solid modeling geometry and assign attributes manually.

Summary

CAD and BIM are great assets in modern design and construction. However, CAD is more rugged in nature compared to BIM. But to each, there is its own benefit and disadvantage. BIM has become more and more popular in the engineering industry and it is widely becoming the new norm for designing, be it in the civil, architectural or mechanical field. Even other areas of engineering is relying on parametric modeling as it has an easy interface/platform and great functionality in generating renders.

COMMENTS:

Dung Tran:
I read your post just to see what you took away from Chapter 2. I too had the same chapter assignment. I'm glad that you focused on the actual application of BIM program and elaborated on Revit. It's nice to know that Revit or AutoDesk are starting to compile these gigantic libraries that will allow most of their various softwares to be able to communicate with one another. This was an issue at my first co-op where I used Microstation, Bentley while PWD and Philadelphia Streets used AutoCAD. Converting one file to the next is not impossible but it sure is a tedious and inefficient task. So I for one, am happy to see that we are making great advances in this sector.

Andrew Maita:
It was very informative to read your post as I had no clue what interoperability meant. I think you did a great job at explaining it in as much not technical terms as possible. The idea of it is great and I can see why all these drafting applications are trying to incorporate this feature into their systems. I guess the main issue at hand would be how to update old softwares that do not read different types of files that is new to it. This sounds like a cumbersome task where redesigning the whole software might even seem easier.

Source: BIM Handbook : A Guide to Building Information Modeling for Owners, Managers, Designers, Engineers and Contractors by Eastman, Charles M. 2nd Edition. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. 2011

Nay Ye Oo - Implications of AI & Robotics in our World for Safety

Implications of AI and Robotics in our World for Safety

Using AI/Robotics for 'Safety' for human beings can vary from replacing physical labor to virtual cyber security. The first thing that comes to mind for safety is putting people away from physical harm. An example would be performing a task for instance in a construction site that is either dangerous/risky or physically demanding for a human to execute.

Nay Ye Oo - Definition of Intelligent Building

Definition of Intelligent Building

Personally, I would define Intelligent Building as a building that has the ability to learn, adapt and communicate. Based on Intelligent Buildings Institute, there are four basic elements of a building: structure, systems, services and management. I believe that using technology, an intelligent building should be able to let all four elements of a building communicate with one another and learn and adapt to be more efficient depending on its immediate surrounding.

https://www.commscope.com/Blog/Defining-Todays-Intelligent-Building/

Nay Ye Oo - Blog Post 1

AI & Future

"In rare showing, Google arrives at CES to battle Alexa and Siri"

By Hayley Tsukayama

January 7, 2018

https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2018/01/07/the-battle-of-the-voice-assistants-comes-to-ces/

This article is interesting because it talks about what the next big thing in tech world is for the next few years - a virtual assistant. As of now, the giant titans dominating in this field are Google (Google Assistant), Amazon (Alexa) and Apple (Siri). Recently, Google made a giant stride by showing a presence at CES 2018 (Consumer Electronics Show), a convention where tech companies unveil new gadgets and creations and potentially network with other similar companies. The competition is fierce as Google and Amazon offered 'drastic holiday price cuts' just to beat Apple new speaker product called HomePod which would have Siri-incorporated in it. However, while these giant titans are fighting, some other companies such as Roku, video streaming service, have a different target in mind. Instead of competing against these titans where they will absolutely lose, they aim for a specific audience and with a more specialized features but only in controlling video streaming and television control. Additionally, there are more companies such as Samsung with Bixby and Baidu from China that are also trying to compete in this sector of future technological advances. Therefore, one can be certain soon everyone single person in the future (perhaps a decade or even less from now) will have their very own personal virtual assistant that will cater to their every and any needs.

Computer & Future

"Mini PC Invasion: These radically tiny computers fit in the palm of your hand."

By Brad Chacos

January 19, 2017

https://www.pcworld.com/article/2911098/computers/mini-pc-invasion-10-radically-tiny-computers-that-fit-in-the-palm-of-your-hand.html#slide1

This is a website that has 15 slides that gives you a list of devices are literally small yet powerful. With the current rate of development and improvements in technology, computers have been developed to be smaller in size for portability without compromising its quality in performance. Out of the 15 devices, all devices can be categorized into sub groups based on their physical appearance and size: box, card, stick and chip. All the devices here are an amazing feat in itself as they are all legitimate computers (some may have limiting features) that can analyze and compute and perform just like a regular one without the bulkiness. Out of these products, my favorite is the  Raspberry Pi Zero (see image below), a mini-PC in the form of a chip. It only costs $5 and has adequate specifications: Broadcom BCM2835; 1 GHz ARM11 core; 512 MB RAM; microSD card slot and ports such as mini-HDMI, micro-USB and 40 GPIO pins.

Software & Future

"U, Google pioneer 3-D smartphone mapping software."

By Steve Alexander

March 15, 2014

http://www.startribune.com/u-google-pioneer-3-d-smartphone-mapping-software/250274411/

This is an old article, therefore its news may seem not as relevant. However I find it interesting because it seems relatable for Drexel students in the co-op program. An student worked at Google for an internship and brought back this project to his university, University of Minnesota and introduced it to his professor, Stergios Roumeliotis. The project was developing a 3-D mapping software for a phone. It only consumes little processing power, "almost as much as Angry Birds" according to Roumeliotis. The goal behind developing this software is to create an augmented reality of an indoors map in real-time with little to none time lapses. Basically, a miniature version of Google maps but for the indoors universe where satellite is not needed and only the mobile's sensors are relied on. Even though this project did not make a big enough break through as desired, it shows potential that big companies such as Google do cherish the value of college and universities and aim to work together (especially in the research & development phases of a project).

COMMENTS

Mark Odorozzi (AI)

I share to an extent a fear of AI not taking up our jobs. I understand that for now, majority of robots that are created or even in the testing stages are only created to do work that humans do not want (for various reasons) but what defines what humans want and not want to do. Right now its manual labor but soon it might actually take on the design aspects of our trade. Again this reiterates our class discussion of how AI has yet to achieve the ability to create or decided on its own. So yes I agree that AI is getting scarily advanced (Based on the Black Mirror episodes I have watched) but from the perspective of a structural designer, I can say at least for the next decade, we should be fine.

Allison Abad (3D Printing)

The 3D Printing of building envelopes video had great visuals and theoretical concepts. However, there are some parts that leave me confused as to how it functions. Specifically, I am talking about how it has ventilation as well as insulation because any means of hole or pore in the envelope would compromise insulation. But this could also be because there is an intricate and complex design behind this. I hope their tests work out as this would bring a new way of putting up building facades in a more sustainable and efficient manner.

Thomas Sisson (BIM)

As someone who has not been that exposed to BIM, I find this article you have chosen a very interesting read. The three things listed IOT, cloud storage and augmented reality are all novel steps in the construction field. IOT was what we discussed in class last week about how we can incorporate technology into day-to-day tasks and how we develop more and more 'smart' devices. As for cloud storage, I always thought that it was a great convenience to have if possible. I believe it would be costly to have a cloud storage space dedicated for a project but it seems to be the direction that modern companies are heading towards. Ultimately, it boils down to cost-effectiveness. As for augmented reality, I can absolutely visualize that it is the next thing after VR because it will help, in the current construction field, visualize and act as a a platform where one can have a better understanding of the construction site. Great post!

Nay Ye Oo - AE 510 First post

Background Information

My name is Nay Ye Oo but I go by Sonny. I am a Junior, studying Civil Engineering with a Structural Concentration for both BS/MS. I also minor in Engineering Management. I have had two co-ops as a Junior Draftsman and then as a Research Assistant.

Expecatations From AE 410/510

I would like to gain more exposure to BIM in general. Also I am curious to learn how much of an impact advanced technology has affected civil engineering in the form of redefining old-school methods of construction in the field of infrastructure.

Most interesting Evernote Article

I found an article with the title  "Fully-customized, modular solar house is 3D printed prefab". It mainly talks about the construction of a small house that can be assembled and dissassembled in a relatively short period of time without compromising habitable conditions. Additionally, it features the use of using solar energy for the sake of efficiency.

Initial definition of "Intelligent Building"


I perceive the definition of Intelligent Building synonymous to a smart TV. An intelligent building is one that can monitor and assess itself once it is built, such as corrosion, cracks and basic health. Also I would presume that one would use 'advanced technology' such as BIM in the construction of one. To summarize, an intelligent building is one that incorporates advanced technology with both its construction and its maintenance post-built.

Last Names for Tags (Part II) Ignore it

This post is required because Blogger doesn't allow more than 200 characters of Labels for any post.  You can ignore the post